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What is a stroke?
Defination of Stroke : A stroke is a similar to a heart attack,except that it occurs in the brain. Indeed, a stroke is a "brain attack" in that blood flow is suddenly blocked (blockage), depriving the brain of vital nutrients and oxygen and causing death of brain cells in the affected area. The most common type of stroke called an ischemic stroke is often caused by the blood-vessel (artery) buildup of fatty deposits (plaques) in the brain. Or, a blood clot may break away from plaque in some other part of ththe body and travel to the brain,where it stops blood flow. Much less often, a stroke is caused by a ruptured blood vessel that causes bleeding in the brain; this is called a hemorrhagic stroke.
Symptoms of a stroke : Usually a stroke begins suddenly. Symptoms,which can progress rapidly, affect parts of the body controlled by the area of the brain affected by the stroke --but on the side opposite the stroke. If you have any of the following symtoms of a stroke, seek medical help immediately: sudden weakness or numbness of the face, arm, or leg on one side of the body;sudden loss or blurring of vision; loss of speech or difficulty understanding others' speech ; difficulty with balance; and or dizziness.
Sometimes stroke symptoms "come and go" usually lasting less than an hour. These type of episodes are known as transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). but you should not wait to see if stroke symptoms subside before getting medical help. In treating stroke successfully, getting help fast is a critical factor.
Who's at risk ?
Stroke affects about 750,000 Americans annually and is the third leading cause of death in the U.S. If you have any of the following risk factors --ones you can change-- your doctor can help you reduce their impact on your risk of having a stroke :smoking, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, and or an inactive lifestyle. Ask your doctor about risk factors that can't be changed -- such as a family history of stroke-- but that should be considered in evaluating your overall stroke risk.
Treatment :
1. Risk factor modification : The main approach to both preventing and treating a stroke first involves identifying the patient's risk factors . The next step is for the patient to change as many stroke risk factors as possible,such as stopping smoking, eating a healthy diet,exercising regularly,and controlling diseases that can contribute to stroke -- such as high blood pressure or diabetes.
2.Medications : Clot Busters Various medications can also help to treat and prevent stroke. Some drugs are given during the early stages of a stroke to minimize brain damage and resulting disability. These drugs are informally called :clot busters" because they dissolve the clot that is blocking blood flow to the brain. However,these drugs can only be effectine if giving withinthe first few hours following stroke onset. This is why you should not wait to see if possible stroke symptoms subside before seeking medical care. If you think you are having a stroke, goto the nearest emergency room immediately.
3. Others Drugs :
Other drugs for stroke are prescribed to decrease the risk of another stroke. They include cholesterol-lowering drugs to reduce plaque builtup, aspirin to thin the blood and reduce the risk of blood clot formation and artery blockage, and drugs to control high blood pressure and diabetes, if present.
4. Surgery :
Sometimes, a person's stroke risk isn't reduced even if all of the mentioned treatments are used. When this occurs and plaque buildup exceeds a certain level in the carotic artery, a surgical procedure called a carotid endarterectomy may be done to help prevent a stroke. It's usually performed by a vascular surgeon or neurosurgeon,who removes as much of the plaque as posible with a goal of restoring the artery to its normal diameter.
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