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Introduction to Social Theory
and Karl Marx
Origins of Sociological Theory
European Renaissance
Machiavelli?s The Prince
Political and social thought argued how life should be lived in accordance with religious laws.
Machiavelli argued that what was required was a study of how states are actually ruled.
Machiavelli was concerned about what worked.
The Enlightenment
The spread of rationalism.
Reason, logic and Science
Secular movement.
Philosophical and scientific analysis.
Actual rather than ought.
German Idealism
G.W.F. Hegel was a central figure in the doctrine that became known as idealism.
Geist - spirit, identity and order in society
Spirit of the Age - Zeitgeist.
Ideas, values structure human life.
Political Economy & Utilitarianism
Sir Thomas Hobbes - Leviathan.
The state exists to impose order and restrain self interests.
People pursued pleasure and avoided pain.
"State of Nature"
Order through force.
John Lock and enlightened self-
interest.
Political Economy & Utilitarianism
Adam Smith - Wealth of Nations, 1776, the beginning of Classical Economics
Equilibrium and the ?invisible hand?.
Utilitarianism - all action is about the pursuit of pleasure -
utility. And avoidance of disutility - pain.
The greatest good for the greatest number.
Positivism - France
continued...
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