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This resulted in a situation were the bureaucrats simply replaced the bourgeoisie.
These bureaucracies were entrenched power blocs and were controlled with great difficulty by political forces.
This doesn?t just occur in communist states.
Beyond Bureaucracy?
The Japanese Model.
The Japanese economy has suffered from recessions recently but in the 1980?s it had a phenomenal success.
Bottom up decision making - workers are consulted about policies.
Less Specialization -
rotation of trainee managers.
Job security - lifetime employment.
Group-orientated production - teams are evaluated.
Merging of work and private lives - company loans, company housing on top of salaries.
The transformation of management
Human Resource Management - dedication
Corporate Culture - group solidarity
Technology and Modern Organisations
Rapid assimilation of technology is essential to success.
www e-commerce. networks
Businesses transcend time and space
Where is the stock market?
Debureaucratization?
As usual this debate is divide.
Mintzberg argues that there is no single model of bureaucracy applicable to all organisations. (1979)
?adhocracy? according to Mintzberg is an organization that relies on teamwork between small groups of professionals.Compos
ition and function constantly changing.
Fluid and flexible - necessary for innovation and problem solving.
Clegg and the postmodern organization.
Clegg argues that Weber?s prediction of ever-increasing rationalization and bureaucratization has not come true.
Cultural variations exist.
De-differentiation , whereby employees are not limited to specific tasks within the organization. As a result of the Japanese model.
?McDonaldization??
George Ritzer defines this as ?the process by which the principles of the fast-food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of American society as well as the rest of the world?.
Efficiency
Calculability
Uniformity
Control through Automation
Ritzer argues against the notion of Debureaucratization.
Ritzer argues that we are moving towards standardisation and regulation.
Ritzer, like Weber is fearful of this move towards rationalization as was Weber.
McDonaldization is making life more homogeneous, rigid, less personal.
Killing the human spirit and creativity.
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