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Why do Americans eat turkey at Thanksgiving?Not because of the Pilgrims . Turkeys were probaly eaten at he famous "first Thanksgiving in 1621, but there is no hard evidence. Colonial records mention only " fowl" and deer , the latter supplied by the Indians . Turkey did not become customary Thanksgiving Day fare until the turn of the mnineteenth century, and it did not become the traditioonal main course until the 1860s. Moreover, the Turkey Day tradition became firmly established only after World War II, thanks to an aggressive marketing campaign on the part of the poultry industry. That effort, which coexisted with the development of hybrid gobblers, helped to invent the supposed Pilgrim tradition and successfully made the stuffed bird an image of American abundance.  

Like the turkey, Thanksgiving itself is a relatively young American tradition. It stems from the very ancient harvest feast and has a more immediate connection with the Harvest Home ceremoies of the Pilgrims' England. But thanksgivings were intermittent in America until 1863. For the previous four decades the indomitable Sarah Josepha Hale, editor of Godey's Lady "s Book, had waged a one woman campaign for a regular, national holiday.In 1863 her efforts bore fruit, when President Lincoln declared that the last Thursday in November would thereafter be Thanksgiving Day.

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